https://journals.ue.poznan.pl/REF <p><span lang="EN-GB" style="margin: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <strong>Research Papers in Economics and Finance</strong> (REF, ISSN 2543-6430) is a professional, </span><span style="font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">peer reviewed, e-journal of economics and finance. REF is published by the Poznan University of Economics and Business, which is one of the few academic institutions in Poland to invariably receive a top rank (category 1) from the State Committee for Scientific Research.</span></p> <p><em><span lang="EN-GB" style="margin: 0px; color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">REF</span></em><span lang="EN-GB" style="margin: 0px; color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;"> covers economics and finance. In the field of economics the submitted papers should focus on particular topics, such as micro and macroeconomic policy, the theory of economics, development, growth, fluctuations in the economy or in various sectors, functioning of the markets, spatial economics. In the field of finance the papers should examine all phenomena related to the financial sphere of the economy, analyse the causes and effects of the flow of capital, identify motives and criteria for economic decisions. The research area of these papers may include: a) in terms of the subject matter: public finance, corporate finance, personal finance and households, financial institutions (including banks, insurance companies, investment fund companies and pension funds), international finance; b) in functional terms: investing (especially when the aim is to obtain financial income), raising capital, financial markets, financial policy, analysis and transfer of financial risk, redistribution of financial resources (e.g. through the tax system). All submitted papers are expected to formulate hypotheses and build models for the relationships between real and monetary variables in the economy, as well as to verify them using empirical tests.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB" style="margin: 0px; color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Research Papers in Economics and Finance is <strong>indexed and distributed</strong> in: </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">BazEkon Citations, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">CEJSH: The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">C.E.E.O.L.: Central and Eastern European Online Library GmbH, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">EBSCO Publishing Inc., </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">ERIH Plus, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">Library of Science: ICM UW, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">Index Copernicus: ICI Journals Master List 2022: 89.44, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">PKP Index, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Noto Sans'; font-size: 10.5pt;">The National Library Digital Repository.</span></p> en-US <p><em>The Research Papers in Economics and Finance (REF)</em> is committed to open access. All of the REF` s paper are free to access immediately from the date of publication. There are no author charges, known as APCs, before release, and no charge for any reader to download articles.</p> <p><em>The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) </em>applies to articles published in Research Papers in Economics and Finance from Vol. 4, No. 3, 2020 to present. This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works. You are free to share and adapt. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.</p> <p><em>The Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0)</em> applies to articles published in Research Papers in Economics and Finance up to Vol. 4, No. 2, 2020 inclusive. You are free to share and adapt. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the material for commercial purposes.</p> ref@ue.poznan.pl (dr hab. Piotr Lis, prof. UEP) ref@ue.poznan.pl (Department of Business Activity and Economic Policy Office) Wed, 10 Apr 2024 08:34:59 +0200 OJS 3.3.0.15 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://journals.ue.poznan.pl/REF/article/view/1020 <p>Crisis conditions in the 21st century also reached the European Union countries, including Poland, and were reflected in the nominal and real economy. In particular, what suffered most was the fiscal condition of individual countries. To support the state of the economy, the economic authorities often took extraordinary, unconventional actions, which unfortunately resulted and still result in a deterioration of the state of public finances. It is therefore worth referring to this research and empirical problem from the perspective of the current and ongoing economic crisis.</p> Sławomir Zwierzchlewski Copyright (c) 2024 Sławomir Zwierzchlewski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.ue.poznan.pl/REF/article/view/1020 Wed, 10 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0200