La qualité institutionnelle améliore-t-elle l'inclusion financiere en Afrique subsaharienne?
Mots-clés :
inclusion financière, méthode des moments généralisés (GMM), institutionsRésumé
Cet article étudie l ' impact de la qualité institutionnelle sur l ' inclusion financière dans quarante (40) pays d ' Afrique subsaharienne sur la période 2000-2017. Nous utilisons la Méthode des Moments Généralisés (GMM) en panel dynamique. Trois mesures d ' inclusion financière ont été mises en évidence : le nombre de guichets automatiques bancaires pour 100 000 adultes, le nombre de succursales bancaires commerciales pour 100 000 adultes et le nombre de déposants auprès des banques commerciales pour 1000 adultes. Les deux premières évaluent l ' accès aux services financiers et la troisième mesure leur usage. Les résultats montrent que la qualité de la réglementation, le contrôle de la corruption, l ' efficacité du gouvernement impactent positivement l ' accès aux services financiers. Par contre, l ' Etat de droit ainsi que l ' expression et la responsabilité démocratique exercent un effet contraire. Par ailleurs, l ' usage des services financiers est positivement influencé par la qualité de la réglementation, l ' Etat de droit et le contrôle de la corruption. Néanmoins, l ' efficacité des pouvoirs publics ainsi que l ' expression démocratique et la stabilité politique exercent un effet inverse. En outre, les conclusions émises insistent sur l ' importance d ' autres variables de contrôle, telles que le PIB par tête, le ratio crédit privé/PIB et le taux brut de scolarisation secondaire.
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