Dynamique et déterminants de la productivité totale du travail dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2024.1.1632Mots-clés :
productivité du travail, changement structurel, emploiRésumé
Objectif : Le but visé dans cet article est d’analyser la dynamique de la productivité totale du travail en examinant les déterminants de cette dernière en Afrique subsaharienne.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : Ce papier exploite la méthode de décomposition totale du travail et d’un modèle VECM structurel sur données de panels pour 40 pays d’ASS couvrant la période 1995 – 2019.
Résultats : Les résultats indiquent que les changements structurels, ont favorablement contribué (39,54%) à la croissance de la productivité totale du travail en ASS tandis que la productivité intra sectorielle a quant à elle ralentit la croissance de cette dernière (-48,12%). L’analyse sectorielle révèle une contribution négative pour l’agriculture ; positive pour le secteur manufacturier tandis que le secteur des services apparaît avec une contribution de 55,5% pour les changements structurels contre un apport négatif de la productivité intra sectorielle (-40,9%). Par ailleurs, les résultats du modèle VECM montrent que le taux brut de scolarisation secondaire, les technologies de l’information et de la communication, la stabilité politique et le contrôle de corruption favorisent significativement la productivité totale du travail en ASS.
Originalité/valeur : Ces résultats impliquent qu’il est nécessaire pour les pays Africain de réorienter la main-d’œuvre vers le secteur manufacturier et surtout celui des services à forte productivité pour capter l’excédent de main-d’œuvre venant de l’agriculture.
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