Strategies Based on Momentum and Term Structure in Financialized Commodity Markets

Authors

  • Adam Zaremba Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18559/s3twv096

Keywords:

Financialization, Materials market, Futures contracts, Momentum strategies

Abstract

This study attempts to answer the question of how the financialization of commodity markets affects the performance of strategies based on momentum and term-structure. The article includes an analysis of profitability from double-sorted portfolios regarding the participation of speculative traders, past returns and the shape of term spreads, tested against a multifactor risk model. Both strategies perform much better in non-financialized commodity markets, whereas in the case of financialized commodities they do not render statistically significant above-average returns. These observations could be used in tactical asset allocation and for constructing a commodity futures pricing model, which would take into account the influence of financial investors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abanomey, W.S., Mathur, I., 2001, Intercontinental Portfolios with Commodity Futures and Currency Forward Contracts, Journal of Investing, vol. 10, s. 61-68.
View in Google Scholar

Adams, Z., Füss, R., Kaiser, G.K., 2008, Macroeconomic Determinants of Commodity Futures Returns, w: Fabozzi, F.J., Füssi, R., Kaiser, D.G. (eds.), The Handbook of Commodity Investing, s. 87-112, Wiley, New York.
View in Google Scholar

Ankrim, E.M., Hensel, C.R., 1993, Commodities in Asset Allocation: A Real-Asset Alternative to Real Estate, Financial Analyst Journal, vol. 49, s. 20-29.
View in Google Scholar

Anson, M.J.P., 1999, Spot Returns, Roll Yield and Diversification with Commodity Futures, Journal of Alternative Investments, vol. 4, s. 1-17.
View in Google Scholar

Antonacci, G., 2014, Dual Momentum Investing: An Innovative Strategy for Higher Returns with Lower Risk, McGraw-Hill, New York.
View in Google Scholar

Armstead, K.J., Venkatraman, R., 2007, Commodity Returns - Implications for Active Management, w: Till, H., Eagleeye, J. (eds.), Intelligent Commodity Investing: New Strategies and Practical Insights for Informed Decision Makings, Risk Books, Londyn, s. 293-312.
View in Google Scholar

Asness, C.S., Liew, J.M., Stevens, R.L., 1997, Parallels between the Cross-sectional Predictability of Stock and Country Returns, Journal of Portfolio Management, vol. 23, s. 79-87.
View in Google Scholar

Asness, C.S., Moskowitz, T.J., Pedersen, L.H., 2013, Value and Momentum Everywhere, Journal of Finance, vol. 68, s. 929-986.
View in Google Scholar

Barberis, N., Schleifer, A., Vishny, R., 1998, A Model of Investor Sentiment, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 49, s. 307-343.
View in Google Scholar

Basu, D., Miff re, J., 2013, Capturing the Risk Premium of Commodity Futures: The Role of Hedging Pressure, Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 37, s. 2652-2664.
View in Google Scholar

Becker, K.G., Finnerty, J.E., 1994, Indexed Commodity Futures and the Risk of Institutional Portfolios, OFOR Working Paper, no. 94-02, January.
View in Google Scholar

Bhojraj, S., Swaminathan, B., 2006, Macromomentum: Returns Predictability in International Equity Indices, Journal of Business, vol. 79, s. 429-451.
View in Google Scholar

Bikhchandani, S., Hirshleifer, D. Welch, I., 1992, A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 100, s. 992-1026.
View in Google Scholar

Brunetti, C., Reiffen, D., 2011, Commodity Index Trading and Hedging Costs, Division of Research, Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1727723.
View in Google Scholar

Cheng, I.H., Xiong, W., 2013, The Financialization of Commodity Markets, Working Paper, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2350243.
View in Google Scholar

Chui, A., Titman, S., Wei, K.C.J., 2010, Individualism and Momentum around the World, Journal of Finance, vol. 65, s. 361-392.
View in Google Scholar

Deaton, A., Laroque, G., 1992, On the Behavior of Commodity Prices, Review of Economic Studies, vol. 59, s. 1-23.
View in Google Scholar

De Long, J.B., Shleifer, A., Summers, L.H., Waldmann, R.J., 1990, Positive Feedback Investment Strategies and Destabilizing Rational Speculation, Journal of Finance, vol. 45, s. 379-395.
View in Google Scholar

De Roon, F., Nijman, T.E., Veld, C., 2000, Hedging Pressure Effects in Futures Markets, Journal of Finance, vol. 55, s. 1437-1456.
View in Google Scholar

Domanski, D., Heath, A., 2007, Financial Investors and Commodity Markets, BIS Quarterly Review, March, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1600058.
View in Google Scholar

Einloth, J.T., 2009, Speculation and Recent Volatility in the Price of Oil, FDIC working Paper, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1488792 [dostęp: 20.12.2014].
View in Google Scholar

Erb, C.B., Harvey, C.R., 2006, The Strategic and Tactical Value of Commodity Futures, Financial Analyst Journal, vol. 62, s. 69-97.
View in Google Scholar

Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 2012, Size, Value, and Momentum in International Stock Returns, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 105, s. 457-472.
View in Google Scholar

Froot, K.A., Scharfstein, D.S., Stein, J.C., 1992, Herd on the Street: Informational Inefficiencies in a Market with Short-Term Speculation, Journal of Finance, vol. 47, s. 1461-1484.
View in Google Scholar

Fuertes, A.M., Miff re, J., Fernández-Pérez, A., 2013, Commodity Strategies Based on Momentum, Term Structure and Idiosyncratic Volatility, Working Paper, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1971917 [dostęp: 20.12.2014].
View in Google Scholar

Fuertes, A.M., Miff re, J., Rallis, G., 2010, Tactical Allocation in Commodity Futures Markets: Combining Momentum and Term Structure Signals, Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 34, s. 2530-2548.
View in Google Scholar

Garleanu, N., Pedersen, L.H., 2007, Liquidity and Risk Management, American Economic Review, vol. 97, s. 193-197.
View in Google Scholar

Georgiev, G., 2001, Benefits of Commodity Investment, Journal of Alternative Investments, vol. 10, s. 40-48.
View in Google Scholar

Gilbert, C.L., 2010a, Speculative Influences on Commodity Futures Prices 2006-2008, UNCTAD Working Paper nr 197, http://unctad.org/en/Docs/osgdp20101_en.pdf [dostęp: 20.12.2014].
View in Google Scholar

Gilbert, C.L., 2010b, How to Understand High Food Prices, Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 61, s. 398-425.
View in Google Scholar

Gorton, G.B., Hayashi, F., Rouwenhorst, K.G., 2013, The Fundamentals of Commodity Futures Returns, Review of Finance, vol. 17, s. 35-105.
View in Google Scholar

Gorton, G.B., Rouwenhorst, K.G., 2006, Facts and Fantasies about Commodity Futures, Financial Analyst Journal, vol. 62, s. 47-68.
View in Google Scholar

Griffi n, J., J.S., Spencer, M., 2003, Momentum Investing and Business Cycle Risk: Evidence From Pole to Pole, Journal of Finance, vol. 58, s. 1515-1547.
View in Google Scholar

Hirshleifer, D., 1990, Hedging Pressure and Future Price Movements in a General Equilibrium Model, Econometrica, vol. 58, s. 441-28.
View in Google Scholar

Irwin, S.H., Sanders, D.R., 2012, Financialization and Structural Change in Commodity Futures Markets, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, vol. 44, s. 371-396.
View in Google Scholar

Jegadeesh, N., Titman, S., 1993, Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency, Journal of Finance, vol. 48, s. 65-91.
View in Google Scholar

Jensen, G., Johnson, R., Mercer, J, 2000, Efficient Use of Commodity Futures in Diversified Portfolios, Journal of Futures Markets, vol. 20, s. 489-506.
View in Google Scholar

Kahneman, D., Tversky, A., 1974, Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Science, vol. 185, s. 1124-1131.
View in Google Scholar

Kaplan, P.D., Lummer, S.L., 1998, Update: GSCI Collateralized Futures as a Hedging and Diversification Tool for Institutional Portfolios, Journal of Investing, vol. 7, s. 11-17.
View in Google Scholar

Keynes, J.M, 1930, A Treatise on Money, Macmillan, London.
View in Google Scholar

Kho, B.C., 1996, Time-varying Risk Premia, Volatility, and Technical Trading Rule Profits: Evidence from Foreign Currency Futures Markets, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 41, s. 249-290.
View in Google Scholar

LeBaron, B., 1999, Technical Trading Rule Profitability and Foreign Exchange Intervention, Journal of International Economics, vol. 49, s. 125-143.
View in Google Scholar

Liew, J. iVassalou, M., 2000, Can Book-to-Market, Size and Momentum be Risk Factors that Predict Economic Growth?, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 57, s. 221-245.
View in Google Scholar

Masters, M., 2008, Testimony before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Raport techniczny Senatu USA, 20 maja.
View in Google Scholar

Mayer, J., 2010, The Financialization of Commodity Markets and Commodity Price volatility, UNCTAD the Financial and Economic Crisis of 2008-2009 and Developing Countries report, s. 73-96, http://www.ie.ufrj.br/hpp/intranet/pdfs/mayer_j_the_fi nancialization_of_commodity_markets_and_commodity_price_volatility_2010.pdf [dostęp: 20.122014].
View in Google Scholar

Miff re, J., Rallis, G., 2007, Momentum Strategies in Commodity Futures Markets, Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 31, s. 1863-1886.
View in Google Scholar

Osler, C.L., 2000, Support for Resistance: Technical Analysis and Intraday Exchange Rates, Economic Policy Review, vol. 6, s. 53-65.
View in Google Scholar

Palley T.I.I., 2013, Financialization: The Economics of Finance Capital Domination, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
View in Google Scholar

Shefrin, H., Statman, M., 1985, The Disposition to Sell Winners too Early and Ride Losers too Long: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Finance, vol. 40, s. 777-791.
View in Google Scholar

Shleifer, A., Summers, L.H., 1990, The Noise Trader Approach to Finance, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 4, s. 19-33.
View in Google Scholar

Silvennolnen, A., Thorp, S., 2013, Financialization, Crisis and Commodity Correlation Dynamics, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, vol. 24, s. 42-65.
View in Google Scholar

Szyszk, A., 2006, Zjawisko kontynuacji stóp zwrotu na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, Bank i Kredyt, vol. 8, s. 37-49.
View in Google Scholar

Tang, K., Xiong, W., 2012, Index Investment and the Financialization of Commodities, Financial Analyst Journal, vol. 68, s. 54-74.
View in Google Scholar

Till, H., 2007a, Introduction to A Long-Term Perspective on Commodity Futures Returns, w: Till, H., Eagleeye, J. (eds.), Intelligent Commodity Investing: New Strategies and Practical Insights for Informed Decision Makings, s. 35-38, Risk Books, London.
View in Google Scholar

Till, H., 2007b, Part, of a Long-Term Perspective on Commodity Futures Returns: Review of Historical Literature, w: Till, H., Eagleeye, J. (eds.), Intelligent Commodity Investing: New Strategies and Practical Insights for Informed Decision Makings, s. 39-82, Risk Books, London.
View in Google Scholar

Till, H., 2007c, Part II of a Long Term Perspective on Commodity Futures Returns: Term Structure as the Primary Driver of Returns, w: Till, H., Eagleeye, J. (eds.), Intelligent Commodity Investing: New Strategies and Practical Insights for Informed Decision Makings, s. 83-94, Risk Books, London.
View in Google Scholar

Vdovenko, A., 2013, Impact of Financialization on the Roll Return of Commodities. Master Thesis, Tilburg University, Tilburg, http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fi d=130826.
View in Google Scholar

Working, H., 1949, The Theory of Price of Storage, American Economic Review, vol. 39, s. 1254-1262.
View in Google Scholar

Zaremba, A., Konieczka, P., 2014a, Value, Size and Momentum across Countries, Indian Journal of Finance, 7 January, vol. 8, no. 9, s. 7-31.
View in Google Scholar

Zaremba, A., 2014b, Strategies Based on Momentum and Term Structure in Financialized Commodity Markets, Working Paper, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2469407 lub http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2469407 [dostęp: 20.12.2014].
View in Google Scholar

Zaremba, A., 2015a, Inflation, Business Cycles, and Commodity Investing in Financialized Markets, Business and Economics Research Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, s. 1-18.
View in Google Scholar

Zaremba, A., 2015b, Portfolio Diversification with Commodities in Times of Financialization, International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, vol. 4, no. 1, s. 18-36.
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2015-02-28

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Zaremba , A. (2015). Strategies Based on Momentum and Term Structure in Financialized Commodity Markets. Studia Oeconomica Posnaniensia, 3(2), s. 29-54. https://doi.org/10.18559/s3twv096