Urbanisation et inégalités de revenu en Afrique subsaharienne : quel rôle pour la gouvernance traditionnelle et la e-gouvernance?

Yacobou Sanoussi; Komlan Ametowoyo Adeve; Kwami Ossadzifo Wonyra

Authors

Yacobou Sanoussi Université de Kara, Togo; Faculté des Sciences Économiques et de Gestion, Département d ’Économie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-6286
Komlan Ametowoyo Adeve Université de Kara, Togo; Faculté des Sciences Économiques et de Gestion, Département d ’Économie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-685X
Kwami Ossadzifo Wonyra Université de Kara, Togo; Faculté des Sciences Économiques et de Gestion, Département d ’Économie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-4352

Keywords:

urbanization, income inequality, telecommunications, sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the role of traditional governance and e-governance in the urbanization-governance-income inequality relationship in sub-Saharan Africa countries. To achieve this, panel data is used for 48 countries covering the period 2005-2016. Dynamic modeling is adopted and the LSDVC method is used to estimate our model. The results show that urbanization strengthens inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa countries. However, the use of telecommunications services and the quality of public services combined with urbanization reduce income inequalities.

References

Adams, S. (2008). Globalization and income inequality: Implications for intellectual property rights. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(5), 725–735.
View in Google Scholar

Adams, S., & Klobodu, E. K. M. (2018). Urbanization, economic structure, political regime, and income inequality. Social Indicators Research, 142(5).
View in Google Scholar

Ametoglo, M. E. S., Guo, P., & Wonyra, K. O. (2018). Regional integration and income inequality in ECOWAS zone. Journal of Economic Integration, 33(3), 604–627.
View in Google Scholar

Annez, P. C. & Buckley, R. M. (2009). Urbanization and growth: Setting the context. Urban and growth. In M. Spence, P. C. Annez & R. M. Buckley (Eds.), Urbanization and growth (pp. 1–45). Washington, DC: World Bank.
View in Google Scholar

Anyanwu, J. C., Erhijakpor, A. E., & Obi, E. (2016). Empirical analysis of the key drivers of income inequality in West Africa. African Development Review, 28(1), 18–38.
View in Google Scholar

Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297.
View in Google Scholar

Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29–51.
View in Google Scholar

Attanasio, O., & Binelli, C. (2004). Inégalités, croissance et politiques redistributives. Afrique Contemporaine, 211, 107–139.
View in Google Scholar

Banque Mondiale. (2015). Rapport annuel 2015. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Bertinelli, L., & Black, D. (2004). Urbanization and growth. Journal of Urban Economics, 56(1), 80–96.
View in Google Scholar

Bertrand, D. (2014). Politique d’aménagement du lieu historique national du Canada du Canal-de-Chambly. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Quebec: Université de Sherbrooke. Bircan, C., Brück, T., & Vothknecht, M. (2010). Violent conflict and inequality. (BWPI Working Paper 129).
View in Google Scholar

Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143.
View in Google Scholar

Bruno, G. S. (2005). Approximating the bias of the LSDV estimator for dynamic unbalanced panel data models. Economics Letters, 87(3), 361–366.
View in Google Scholar

Bun, M. J., & Kiviet, J. F. (2003). On the diminishing returns of higher-order terms in asymptotic expansions of bias. Economics Letters, 79(2), 145–152.
View in Google Scholar

Castells-Quintana, D. (2018). Beyond Kuznets: Inequality and the size and distribution of cities. Journal of Regional Science, 58(3), 564–580.
View in Google Scholar

Castells-Quintana, D., & Royuela, V. (2013). Cross-section evidence on the positive and negative effects of income inequality on economic growth (Preliminary version).
View in Google Scholar

Chen, G., Gu, C., & Wu, F. (2006). Urban poverty in the transitional economy: A case of Nanjing, China. Habitat International, 30(1), 1–26.
View in Google Scholar

De Haas, H. (2005). International migration, remittances and development: myths and facts. Third World Quarterly, 26(8), 1269–1284.
View in Google Scholar

Dincer, O. C., & Gunalp, B. (2008). Corruption, income inequality, and poverty in the United States. http://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.37848
View in Google Scholar

Dodman, D., Leck, H., Rusca, M., & Colenbrander, S. (2017). African urbanisation and urbanism: Implications for risk accumulation and reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 26, 7–15.
View in Google Scholar

Drukker, D. M. (2008). Econometric analysis of dynamic panel-data models using Stata. TX: StatCorp: College Station.
View in Google Scholar

Ebeke, C. H., & Etoundi, S. M. N. (2017). The effects of natural resources on urbanization, concentration, and living standards in Africa. World Development, 96, 408–417.
View in Google Scholar

Fay, M., & Opal, C. (2000). Urbanization without growth: A not so uncommon phenomenon (vol. 2412). Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
View in Google Scholar

Flannery, M. J., & Hankins, K. W. (2013). Estimating dynamic panel models in corporate finance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 19, 1–19.
View in Google Scholar

Fourchard, L. (2017). Une urbanisation inégalitaire. Paris: La Découverte.
View in Google Scholar

Goel, R. K., & Nelson, M. A. (2010). Causes of corruption: History, geography and government. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(4), 433–447.
View in Google Scholar

Gollin, D., Jedwab, R., & Vollrath, D. (2016). Urbanization with and without Industrialization. Journal of Economic Growth, 21(1), 35–70.
View in Google Scholar

Gradstein, M., & Milanovic, B. (2004). Does liberté = égalité? A survey of the empirical links between democracy and inequality with some evidence on the transition economies. Journal of Economic Surveys, 18(4), 515–537.
View in Google Scholar

Gupta, S., Davoodi, H., & Alonso-Terme, R. (2002). Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty?. Economics of Governance, 3(1), 23–45.
View in Google Scholar

Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002). Corruption, economic growth, and income inequality in Africa. Economics of Governance, 3(3), 183–209.
View in Google Scholar

Hao, L. (2012). Cumulative causation of rural migration and initial periurbanization in China. Chinese Sociological Review, 44(3), 6–33.
View in Google Scholar

Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two- sector analysis. The American Economic Review, 60(1), 126–142.
View in Google Scholar

Henderson, V. (2003). The urbanization process and economic growth: The so-what question. Journal of Economic Growth, 8(1), 47–71.
View in Google Scholar

Henderson, J. V., & Wang, H. G. (2007). Urbanization and city growth: The role of institu- tions. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 37(3), 283–313.
View in Google Scholar

Jaffe, R. K., Bruijne, A. D., Schalkwijk, A., & Jaffe, R. (2008). The Caribbean city: An introduction. The Caribbean City, 1–23.
View in Google Scholar

Jones, B. G., & Koné, S. (1996). An exploration of relationships between urbanization and per capita income: United States and countries of the world. Papers in Regional Science, 75(2), 135–153.
View in Google Scholar

Kanbur, R., & Zhang, X. (1999). Which regional inequality? The evolution of rural–urban and inland–coastal inequality in China from 1983 to 1995. Journal of Comparative Economics, 27(4), 686–701.
View in Google Scholar

Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1–28.
View in Google Scholar

Lachaud, J.-P. (2006, August). Urbanisation, pauvreté et capacités: nouveaux défis des stratégies de développement?. Revue d’Économie Regionale Urbaine, 455–488.
View in Google Scholar

Li, H., Xu, L. C., & Zou, H. F. (2000). Corruption, income distribution, and growth. Economics & Politics, 12(2), 155–182.
View in Google Scholar

Liddle, B. (2017). Urbanization and inequality/poverty. Urban Science, 1(35), 1–7.
View in Google Scholar

Liddle, B., & Messinis, G. (2015). Which comes first–urbanization or economic growth? Evidence from heterogeneous panel causality tests. Applied Economics Letters, 22(5), 349–355.
View in Google Scholar

Meier, K. J., & Holbrook, T. M. (1992). “I seen my opportunities and I took’em:” Political corruption in the American States. The Journal of Politics, 54(1), 135–155.
View in Google Scholar

Meka’a, C. B. (2011). Le différentiel de revenus joue-t-il un rôle déterminant dans la migration rurale-urbaine ? Application au cas du Cameroun. Revue d’Économie du Dévelop- pement, 19(1), 45–76.
View in Google Scholar

Myers, B. L. (2011). Walking with the poor: Principles and practices of transformational development. Ossining, NY: Orbis Books.
View in Google Scholar

Nkoa, B. E. O., & Song, J. S. (2019, June). Urbanisation et inégalités en Afrique: une étude à partir des indices désagrégés. Revue d’Économie Régionale Urbaine, 447–484.
View in Google Scholar

Obaidullah, M. (2008). Introduction to islamic microfinance. IBF Net Limited.
View in Google Scholar

Obeng-Odoom, F. (2009). Has the Habitat for Humanity Housing Scheme achieved its goals? A Ghanaian case study. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24(1), 67–84.
View in Google Scholar

Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD). (2016). Rapport sur le développement humain. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/HDR2016_FR_Overview_Web_0.pdf
View in Google Scholar

Sato, Y., & Yamamoto, K. (2005). Population concentration, urbanization, and demographic transition. Journal of Urban Economics, 58(1), 45–61.
View in Google Scholar

Server, O. B. (1996). Corruption: A major problem for urban management: Some evidence from Indonesia. Habitat International, 20(1), 23–41.
View in Google Scholar

Schlesinger, J. (2013). Agriculture along the urban-rural continuum. A GIS-based analysis of spatio-temporal dynamics in two medium-sized African cities. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Freiburg: University of Freiburg.
View in Google Scholar

Siddique, M. A. B., Wibowo, H., & Wu, Y. (2014). Fiscal decentralisation and inequality in Indonesia: 1999–2008. Perth: University of Western Australia, Business School, Economics.
View in Google Scholar

Sulemana, I., Nketiah-Amponsah, E., Codjoe, E. A., & Andoh, J. A. N. (2019). Urbanization and income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable Cities and Society, 48, 101544.
View in Google Scholar

Swierczynska, K. A., & Koulakoumouna, E. (2018). Marché des télécommunications et croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne: cas de la République du Congo. Revue Européenne du Droit Social, 82.
View in Google Scholar

Todaro, M. P. (1969). A model of migration and urban unemployment in less-developed countries. The American Economic Review, 59(1), 138–148.
View in Google Scholar

United Nations Habitat. (2010). United Nations Habitat annual report. Retrieved August 3, 2019 from https://unhabitat.org/unhabitat-annual-report-2010/
View in Google Scholar

Verrest, H., Moorcroft, S., & Mohammed, A. (2013). Global urban development programmes and local realities in the Caricom-Caribbean: Mismatches in needs and approach. Habitat International, 40, 258–267.
View in Google Scholar

Wan, G., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Accelerating urbanization explained: The role of information. (ADBI Working Paper No. 674). Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/publications/accelerating-urbanization-explained-role-information
View in Google Scholar

Wan, G., & Zhou, Z. (2005). Income inequality in rural China: Regression based decomposition using household data. Review of Development Economics, 9(1), 107–120.
View in Google Scholar

Watson, V. (2014). African urban fantasies: Dreams or nightmares?. Environment and Urbanization, 26(1), 215–231.
View in Google Scholar

World Development Indicators. (2018). DataBank. Retrieved from https://databank.world-bank.org/source/world-development-indicators
View in Google Scholar

Wu, D., & Rao, P. (2017). Urbanization and income inequality in China: An empirical investigation at provincial level. Social Indicators Research, 131(1), 189–214.
View in Google Scholar

Urbanization and income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: What role for traditional governance and e-governance?

Authors

Keywords:

Abstract

References

Downloads

Published

Issue

Section

License

Language

Journal identifiers

Metrics

Make a Submission

Information

Keywords

Current Issue