Un réexamen de la relation « inflation - croissance économique » dans les pays africains
Mots-clés :
non-linéarité, taux d’inflation optimal, PSTR, qualité des institutions, pays africainsRésumé
Ce papier revient sur la non-linéarité de la relation inflation-croissance. Il évalue le rôle de la qualité institutionnelle appréciée par le degré d'indépendance de la banque centrale sur la non-linéarité de la relation inflation-croissance et la détermination du taux d'inflation optimal dans les pays africains. A cet égard, un panel des 53 pays africains sur la période 1980-2013 est utilisé pour effectuer une analyse de régression de panel avec seuil progressif (Panel Smooth Threshold Regression -PSTR- développé par Gonzalez et al. 2005). Un test de robustesse est effectué avec la méthode des moments généralisés en système (GMM). Nos résultats confirment la non-linéarité de la relation inflation-croissance. Cette non-linéarité de la relation inflation croissance est conditionnée par la qualité des institutions. Les pays avec une qualité des institutions plus élevée éprouvent des effets moins sévères d'inflation que les pays ayant une qualité des institutions inférieure. Le taux d'inflation optimal pour les pays africains dépend du régime de change. Ce taux diverge avec ceux trouvés pour les pays développés ainsi que pour ceux de beaucoup de pays en développement.
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