Pouvoir de marché et tarifications du crédit : cas de l'UEMOA
Mots-clés :
pouvoir de marché, concentration, tarification du crédit, accès au crédit, UEMOARésumé
Cet article évalue la relation entre le pouvoir de marché et la tarification du crédit sur un échantillon de 49 banques de 7 pays de l ' Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) sur la période de 2003 à 2014. Notre méthodologie empirique relie une analyse des données de panel et une régression non linéaire. Nos résultats montrent que le pouvoir de marché influence positivement la tarification du crédit dans l ' UEMOA. Cela conforte l ' hypothèse du pouvoir de marché qui stipule que la concentration du marché incite à une forte tarification des produits bancaires (taux débiteurs plus élevés et taux créditeurs plus bas, donc marges d ' intérêt importantes) et limite l ' accès au financement. La régression non linéaire met en évidence l ' existence d ' un seuil qui n ' est pas significatif dans notre échantillon car, seul le premier ou le deuxième centile des données de notre échantillon vérifie le second régime. Alors que les 98% ou 99% restant confirment les résultats du modèle linéaire. Ces résultats ont d ' importantes implications de politiques de régulation bancaire dans l ' UEMOA.
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