Impact of remittances from migrants on the health expenditure of recipient households in Togo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2022.1.12Keywords:
remittances, population health, health expenditure, migrantsAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of migrant remittances on the health expenditure of recipient households in Togo. The consequences of the migratory flows of recent years in developing countries do not spare Togo. One wonders about the effects that this phenomenon can have on the daily lives of households. To achieve this goal, we used the propensity score matching model using data from the 2015 Unified Questionnaire of Core Indicators of Well-being survey. The results show that remittances have a positive impact on the use of modern rather than traditional health services and these also have a positive impact on the use of public health services. One of the major recommendations of our results therefore militates in favour of facilitating the procedures for transferring migrants to migrants in Togo.
Downloads
References
Adams, R. H. (2006). Remittances and poverty in Ghana. World Bank Publications.
View in Google Scholar
Afawubo, K., & Couchoro, M. K. (2017). Do remittances enhance the economic growth effect of private health expenditures in West African Economic and Monetary Union?. Economics Bulletin, 37(2), 1247‒ 1264.
View in Google Scholar
Aker, J., Boumnijel, R., & McClelland, A. (2011). Zap it to me: The short-term impacts of a mobile cash transfer program. (Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 268).
View in Google Scholar
Ambrosius, C., & Cuecuecha, A. (2013). Are remittances a substitute for credit? Carrying the financial burden of health shocks in national and transnational households. World Development, 46, 143‒152.
View in Google Scholar
Amuedo-Dorantes, C., & Pozo, S. (2011). New evidence on the role of remittances on healthcare expenditures by Mexican households. Review of Economics of the Household, 9(1), 69‒98.
View in Google Scholar
Askarov, Z., & Doucouliagos, H. (2020). A meta-analysis of the effects of remittances on household education expenditure. World Development, 129, 104860.
View in Google Scholar
Atake, E. H. (2018). The impacts of migration on maternal and child health services utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Togo. Public Health, 162, 16‒24.
View in Google Scholar
Azizi, S. S. (2018, July). The impacts of workers’ remittances on human capital and labor supply in developing countries. Economic Modelling, 75, 377‒396.
View in Google Scholar
Banque Mondiale. (2020). Rapport annuel 2020 du Banque Mondiale: Prêter soutien aux pays en des temps sans précédent. Washington, DC: World Bank.
View in Google Scholar
Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70, 9–49.
View in Google Scholar
Becker, S. O., & Caliendo, M. (2007). Sensitivity analysis for average treatment effects. Stata Journal, 7(1), 71‒83.
View in Google Scholar
Bojorquez, I., Salgado de Snyder, N., & Casique, I. (2009). International migration of partner, autonomy and depressive symptoms among women from a Mexican rural area. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 55(4), 306‒321.
View in Google Scholar
Chauvet, L., Gubert, F., & Mesplé-Somps, S. (2009). Are remittances more effective than aid to reduce child mortality?. World Development, 173‒205.
View in Google Scholar
Chea, V., & Wongboonsin, P. (2020). Do remittances increase household investment in education? Evidence from Cambodia during and after the global financial crisis. Journal of Population and Social Studies, 28(1), 1‒21.
View in Google Scholar
Cuadros-Meñaca, A. (2020). Remittances, health insurance, and pension contributions: Evidence from Colombia. World Development, 127, 104766.
View in Google Scholar
Das, M., Kumar, K., & Khan, J. (2020). Does remittance protect the household from catastrophic health expenditure in India. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 16(4), 481‒493.
View in Google Scholar
Garcia Nájera, Y., & Cuecuecha, A. M. (2020). The impact of international remittances on investment in education in Caltimacán, Hidalgo. Migraciones Internacionales, 11.
View in Google Scholar
Grossman, M. (1972). On the concept of health capital and the demand for health. Journal of Political Economy, 80(2), 223‒255.
View in Google Scholar
Guilmoto, C., & Sandron, F. (2003). Migration et développement. Migration et développement. Notes et Études Documentaires, (5172), 7‒142.
View in Google Scholar
Hildebrandt, N., & McKenzie, D. J. (2005). The effects of migration on child health in Mexico. Economía, 6(1), 257‒289.
View in Google Scholar
Kapri, K., & Jha, S. (2020). Impact of remittances on household health care expenditure: Evidence from the Nepal Living Standards Survey. Review of Development Economics, 24(3), 991‒1008.
View in Google Scholar
Khan, M. I., & Valatheeswaran, C. (2020). International remittances and private healthcare in Kerala, India. Migration Letters, 17(3), 445‒460.
View in Google Scholar
Lindstrom, D. P., & Muñoz-Franco, E. (2006). Migration and maternal health services utilization in rural Guatemala. Social Science and Medicine, 63(3), 706‒721.
View in Google Scholar
López-Cevallos, D. F., & Chi, C. (2012). Migration, remittances, and health care utilization in Ecuador. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 31(1), 9‒16.
View in Google Scholar
Mazzucato, V., Cebotari, V., & Siegel, M. (2017). Child development and migrant transnationalism: The health of children who stay behind in Ghana and Nigeria. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(3), 444‒459.
View in Google Scholar
McKenzie, D. J., & Sasin, M. J. (2007). Migration, remittances, poverty, and human capital: Conceptual and empirical challenges. World Bank Publications.
View in Google Scholar
Medina, C., & Cardona, L. (2010). The effects of remittances on household consumption, education attendance and living standards: The case of Colombia. Lecturas de Economía, 72, 11‒43.
View in Google Scholar
Moulemvo, A., & Mafouta, B. (2015). L’impact de microtransfert d’argent sur les dépenses de santé des pauvres au Congo. In E. T. Ayuk (Ed.), La microfinance en Afrique centrale: Le défi des exclus (pp. 333–352). Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG.
View in Google Scholar
Nannicini, T. (2006). A simulation-based sensitivity analysis for matching estimators. Citeseer.
View in Google Scholar
Orozco, M., & Ferro, A. (2009). Worldwide trends in international remittances. Migrant Remittances.
View in Google Scholar
Pickbourn, L. (2016). Remittances and household expenditures on education in Ghana’s northern region: Why gender matters. Feminist Economics, 22(3), 74‒100.
View in Google Scholar
Ponce, J., Olivié, I., & Onofa, M. (2011). The role of international remittances in health outcomes in Ecuador: Prevention and response to shocks. International Migration Review, 45(3), 727‒745.
View in Google Scholar
QUIBB. (2015). Rapport du questionnaire Unifié des Indicateurs de Base du Bien-Être, 174.
View in Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). Assessing sensitivity to an unobserved binary covariate in an observational study with binary outcome. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 45(2), 212‒218.
View in Google Scholar
Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988). Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Education et Behavior, 15(2), 175‒183.
View in Google Scholar
Sander, C., & Mainbo, S. M. (2005). Migrant labor remittances in Africa: Reducing obstacles to developmental contributions. World Bank, 247.
View in Google Scholar
Singh, M. R. J., Lee, K., & Haacker, M. M. (2009). Determinants and macroeconomic impact of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa. (IMF Working Paper No. 216).
View in Google Scholar
Tchouassi, G. (2004). Transferts financiers des migrants et financement du développement en Afrique subsaharienne. Revue Congolaise de Gestion, 3‒26.
View in Google Scholar
Valero Gil, J. N. (2009). Remittances and the household’s expenditures on health. Journal of Business Strategies, 26(1), 119‒140.
View in Google Scholar
WDI. (2020). World Development Indicators. Retrieved July 18, 2022 from https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Poznań University of Economics and Business
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.