Mondialisation et employabilité des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne
Mots-clés :
mondialisation, emplois des femmes, pauvretéRésumé
L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les effets de la mondialisation sur l'emploi des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne. L'estimateur de la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) a été utilisé dans l'approche économétrique basée sur les données de panel de 39 pays d'Afrique subsaharienne couvrant la période de 1995-2018. Pour une analyse plus approfondie, l'échantillon a été divisé en quatre sous-groupes de régions notamment les régions du Centre, de l'Est, de l'Ouest et du Sud d'Afrique subsaharienne. Les résultats des estimations révèlent que la mondialisation mesurée par le taux d'ouverture et le flux des investissements directs étrangers affecte significativement l'emploi des femmes. Cet effet est positif pour le taux d'ouverture et négatif pour les investissements directs étrangers. Ceci peut s'expliquer par la forte représentation des femmes dans le secteur informel dont la principale activité est le commerce. Les résultats montrent également un effet significatif des variables socio-économiques notamment le produit intérieur brut. Les décideurs politiques dans leurs efforts de stimulation de la croissance économique, doivent mettre en place des politiques et programmes en faveur de la libéralisation commerciale et de l'autonomisation des femmes.
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