Perspectives de croissance pour le Portugal et la division Nord-Sud dans l'UE14 : Une analyse a seuils selon le changement structurel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2018.2.11Keywords:
eurozone, economic situation, threshold analysis, structural changes, financial crisis, state financial crisis, economic crisisAbstract
Après la crise politique et la crise économique des années 70, le Portugal a connu quelques années de croissance économique rapide (et supérieure à la moyenne), accompagnant la préparation et l'adhésion à l'Union européenne et la participation en tant que membre fondateur de la zone euro. Ce processus a toutefois cessé depuis le début du 21ème siècle et ce changement du rythme de croissance a été exacerbé par la Grande Récession [...]. À partir de 1999-2000 environ, la croissance économique a sensiblement ralenti, le secteur des biens non échangeables a renforcé son rôle de point d'ancrage de l'économie et de la croissance et la productivité a stagné, voire diminué. Bien que la plupart des États membres de l'UE soient entrés dans une période de crise économique et de difficultés financières après 2007-2008, la Grèce, l'Irlande, l'Italie, le Portugal et l'Espagne, principalement des pays du sud de l'Europe ont vécu une crise d'une ampleur majeure. Toutefois, à la veille des événements antérieurs, les membres de l'UEM affichaient déjà des différences notables en termes d'indicateurs économiques et financiers. Ces pays du sud ont également souffert de plusieurs déséquilibres macroéconomiques à moyen et long terme. Cette fracture entre les pays du nord et du sud de l'Europe a des conséquences potentiellement importantes en termes de performance macroéconomique à long terme notamment pour le Portugal.
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