Impact of continuing education programs on professional status and job stability in Mali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2025.2.2952Keywords:
impact assessment, continuing training, employment, propensity score, MaliAbstract
Purpose: This study empirically evaluates the effect of continuing education on career change and job stability in Mali.
Design/methodology/approach: To this end, we used propensity score matching applied to data from the Modular and Permanent Household Survey (EMOP, 2022).
Findings: The results show that training programs have a significant positive impact on the likelihood of obtaining a permanent employment contract and on upward professional mobility.
Originality/value: This research will contribute to the existing literature by further exploring current findings on the effectiveness of continuing education in companies in order to verify whether the theoretical mechanisms supporting this phenomenon in developed
countries are similar to those in developing countries, and in particular Mali.
JEL Classification
Education and Economic Development (I25)
General Welfare, Well-Being (I31)
Labor Economics Policies (J08)
Labor Contracts (J41)
Downloads
References
Altinok, N. (2012). General versus vocational education: Some new evidence from PISA 2009. Background Paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report, 38. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000217873
View in Google Scholar
Angel-Urdinola, D. F., Semlali, A., & Brodmann, S. (2010). Non-public provision of active labor market programs in Arab- Mediterranean countries. World Bank Publications.
View in Google Scholar
Attanasio, O., Guarín, A., Medina, C., & Meghir, C. (2015). Long term impacts of vouchers for vocational training: Experimental evidence for Colombia. NBER Working Papers, 21390. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w21390/w21390.pdf
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w21390
Attanasio, O., Kugler, A., & Meghir, C. (2011). Subsidizing vocational training for disadvantaged youth in Colombia: Evidence from a randomized trial. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(3), 188–220. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.3.3.188
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/app.3.3.188
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbr:nberbk:beck-5
View in Google Scholar
Betcherman, G., Olivas, K., & Dar, A. (2004). Impacts of active labor market programs: New evidence from evaluations with particular attention to developing and transition countries. Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes, 29142. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:29142
View in Google Scholar
Biavaschi, C., Eichhorst, W., Giulietti, C., Kendzia, M. J., Muravyev, A., Pieters, J., Rodriguez-Planas, N., Schmidl, R., & Zimmermann, K. F. (2012). Youth unemployment and vocational training. IZA Discussion Papers, 6890. https://docs.iza.org/dp6890.pdf
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/12150
BIT. (2020). Rapport du BIT sur l’emploi en Afrique (Re-Afrique): Relever le défi de l’emploi des jeunes. https://researchrepository.ilo.org/esploro/outputs/report/Rapport-sur-lemploi-en-Afrique-Re-Afrique/995265382502676
View in Google Scholar
Burghardt, J., Schochet, P. Z., McConnell, S., Johnson, T., Gritz, M., Glazerman, S., Homrighausen, J., & Jackson, R. (2001). Does job corps work? Summary of the National Job Corps Study. Summary report. https://ideas.repec.org/p/mpr/mprres/3d00dc5e556f4bdd88335dd9028a5a99.html
View in Google Scholar
Calavrezo, O., & Rémy, V. (2017). Évaluation des effets de la formation sur le devenir professionnel et le ressenti des salariés en insertion. Économie et Prévision, (2–3), 35–59.
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/ecop.2017.8219
Card, D. (1999). The causal effect of education on earnings. In O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (Eds.), Handbook of labor economics (vol. 3A, pp. 1801–1863). North Holland. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03011-4
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03011-4
Card, D., Ibarrarán, P., Regalia, F., Rosas-Shady, D., & Soares, Y. (2011). The labor market impacts of youth training in the Dominican Republic. Journal of Labor Economics, 29(2), 267–300. https://doi.org/10.1086/658090
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/658090
Conter, B., Maroy, C., & Orianne, J. F. (2003). Une approche empirique des effets de la formation professionnelle sur les travailleurs. La formation professionnelle continue. L’individu au coeur des dispositifs (pp. 140–167). De Boeck Université.
View in Google Scholar
Doeringer, P., & Piore, M. (1971). Internal labour markets and manpower analysis. Heath Lexington Books. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003069720
View in Google Scholar
EMOP. (2022). Enquête Modulaire et Permanente auprès des Ménages (EMOP). Institut National de la Statistique du Mali. https://www.instat-mali.org/fr/publications/enquete-modulaire-et-permanente-aupres-des-menages-emop
View in Google Scholar
Fujiwara, D. (2012). Valuing the impact of adult learning: An analysis of the effect of adult learning on different domains in life. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.
View in Google Scholar
Görlitz, K., & Rzepka, S. (2014). Regional training supply and employees’ training participation. The Annals of Regional Science, 59, 281–296. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2470574
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-017-0831-8
Goux, D., & Maurin, E. (1997). Les entreprises, les salariés et la formation continue. Économie et Statistique, 306, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1997.2571
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1997.2571
Groh, M., Krishnan, N., McKenzie, D., & Vishwanath, T. (2016). The impact of soft skills training on female youth employment: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Jordan. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 5, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40175-016-0055-9
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40175-016-0055-9
Grześkowiak, A. (2015). Career stages and attitudes to skills development process in Poland. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 37–44. https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/6157
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s5p37
Halldén, K. (2015). Taking training to task: Sex of the immediate supervisor and men’s and women’s time in initial on-the-job training. Work and Occupations, 42(1), 73–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888414555583
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888414555583
Hardy, M., Mbiti, I., McCasland, J., & Salcher, I. (2019). The apprenticeship-to-work transition: Experimental evidence from Ghana. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 8851. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3385859
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8851
Heckman, J. J., Lalonde, R. J., & Smith, J. A. (1999). The economics and econometrics of active labor market programs. In O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (Eds.), Handbook of labor economics (vol. 3, pp. 1865–2097). Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/handbook/handbook-of-labor-economics/vol/3/part/PA
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03012-6
Honorati, M. (2015). The impact of private sector internship and training on urban youth in Kenya. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7404. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/a6ab0bf8-5f33-5f48-ae5f-57d9e863f1be
View in Google Scholar
Honorati, M., & McArdle, T. P. (2013). The nuts and bolts of designing and implementing training programs in developing countries. Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes, 78980. The World Bank Group.
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/16101
INSTAT. (2023). Enquête modulaire et permanente auprès des ménages (EMOP). https://microdata.instat.ml/index.php/catalog/111
View in Google Scholar
Kramer, A., & Tamm, M. (2018). Does learning trigger learning throughout adulthood? Evidence from training participation of the employed population. Economics of Education Review, 62, 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.11.004
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.11.004
Kumar, R., Mandava, S., & Gopanapalli, V. S. (2019). Vocational training in India: Determinants of participation and effect on wages. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 11(1), 1–17.
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-019-0078-y
Liodaki, N., & Karalis, T. (2023). Reasons of employees participation in continuing professional education programs. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(10). https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/5023
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i10.5023
McKenzie, D. (2017), How effective are active labor market policies in developing countries? A critical review of recent evidence. The World Bank Research Observer, 32(2), 127–154.
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkx001
Ognjenović, K. (2023). Impact of continuing education on stable employment and wages of men and women in Serbia. Economic Analysis, 56(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.28934/ea.23.56.1.pp69-84
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.28934/ea.23.56.1.pp69-84
OIT. (2018). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2018.. https://www.ilo.org/publications/world-employment-and-social-outlook-trends-2018
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wow3.125
OIT. (2019). État des lieux du système de formation professionnelle. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_742413.pdf
View in Google Scholar
ONEF. (2017). Étude sur le diagnostic du profil et du marché de l’emploi des jeunes au Mali. Ministère de l’Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle.
View in Google Scholar
ONEF. (2022). Rapport national sur l’emploi auprès des ménages (RNEM 2020). https://onef.ml/publications/rapport-national-sur-lemploi/
View in Google Scholar
Pedrini, G. (2020). Off‐the‐job training and the shifting role of part‐time and temporary employment across institutional models. Comparing Italian and British firms. Industrial Relations Journal, 51(5), 427–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/irj.12303
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/irj.12303
Perez, C., & Thomas, G. (2005). Trajectoires d’emploi précaire et formation continue. Économie et Statistique, 388(1), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.2005.7172
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.2005.7172
RGPH5. (2023). Rapport preliminaire. Résultats globaux du RGPH5. https://www.instat-mali.org/laravel-filemanager/files/shares/rgph/rapport-resultats-globaux-rgph5_rgph.pdf
View in Google Scholar
Ronchetti, J., & Terriau, A. (2020). L’impact du chômage sur l’état de santé. Revue Économique, 71(5), 815–839. https://doi.org/10.3917/reco.715.0815
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/reco.715.0815
Rose, J. (2008). Les relations formation-emploi en 55 questions. Dunod.
View in Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
Saadi, A., Laamire, J., & El Abbassi, I. (2021). Politique active d’emploi et chômage des jeunes diplômés au Maroc: Une évaluation de l’impact par la PSM. Les Cahiers du Plan, (53), 55–67.
View in Google Scholar
Silvennoinen, H., & Nori, H. (2017). In the margins of training and learning. Journal of Workplace Learning, 29(3), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-08-2016-0072
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-08-2016-0072
Stigler, G. J. (1961). The economics of information. Journal of Political Economy, 69(3), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1086/258464
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/258464
UNESCO. (2022). Fifth Global Report on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE 5). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. https://www.uil.unesco.org/en/grale5
View in Google Scholar
Van den Berg, G. J., Dauth, C., Homrighausen, P., & Stephan, G. (2023). Informing employees in small and medium‐sized firms about training: Results of a randomized field experiment. Economic Inquiry, 61(1), 161–178. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecin.13111
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.13111
Vincent, A., & Rajasekhar, D. (2023). Who participates in vocational education and training in India? An analysis of socio-economic determinants. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 75(5), 890–909.
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2021.1989617
Wang, A., & Guo, D. (2019). Technical and vocational education in China: Enrolment and socioeconomic status. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 71(4), 538–555.
View in Google Scholar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2018.1535519
Weltbank. (2020). Demand-driven skills training and results-based contracting: Lessons for youth employment programs. Banque Mondiale.
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yaya Sidibe, Fousseny Diallo, Amadou Bamba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
