Énergie renouvelable, croissance économique et attenuation des émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans les pays de l'UEMOA
Mots-clés :
énergies renouvelables, croissance économique, émissions de CO2, PMG, UEMOARésumé
L'efficacité des énergies renouvelables pour assurer la croissance économique et la qualité de l'environnement devient un sujet important dans la littérature économique, étant donné que les énergies fossiles majoritairement utilisées et menacées par le risque d'épuisement entraînent une augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser l'effet de la consommation des énergies renouvelables sur la croissance économique et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans les pays de l'UEMOA. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les fonctions de croissance et d'environnement avec une investigation empirique basée sur une régression linéaire en données de panel constituées des pays de l'UEMOA sur la période 1990 à 2015. Les résultats des estimations par la méthode de Pooled Mean Group développée par Pesaran et alii (1999) montrent principalement qu'à long terme, l'utilisation des énergies renouvelables contribue significativement à promouvoir la croissance économique et à atténuer la dégradation de l'environnement à travers la réduction des émissions de carbone. A cet effet, les décideurs politiques devraient orienter la politique énergétique de l'union vers un mix-énergétique dominé par la production et la consommation d'énergie renouvelable ; tout en mettant en place une politique de contrôle des émissions de CO2.
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