Ethics
I. Core Ethical Principles
We comply with the provisions of the Polish Copyright Act (Journal of Laws, consolidated text Dz. U. 2025, 24).
We accept only original works, whose authors guarantee in the publishing agreement that the work does not infringe upon the copyrights of third parties.
We follow the guidance and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding detection and disclosure of undesirable publishing practices, such as: redundant (duplicate or secondary) publication, plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, image manipulation, changes to the list of authors (adding or removing an author), ghost authorship, guest or honorary authorship and conflict of interest.
III. Ethical Principles for Reviewers
We consider the following to be essential features of an ethical review: competence and impartiality of the reviewer, objectivity and substantive evaluation, justification of both criticism and positive assessment, timeliness, confidentiality and refraining from using the content prior to publication and reporting suspected copyright infringement or plagiarism.
Peer Review Model: REF applies double-anonymised peer review. The process includes assignment of at least two independent reviewers by the Editorial Board.
Confidentiality: Reviewers may not disclose the content prior to publication.
IV. Ethical Principles for Editors
Editors are responsible for fair and unbiased evaluation of submissions, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ensuring that decisions are based solely on academic merit.
Manuscripts submitted by members of the Editorial Board are handled independently to avoid conflicts of interest.
In cases of suspected misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, unethical research practices), the Editorial Board follows COPE flowcharts and guidelines. Allegations are investigated promptly, authors are given the opportunity to respond, and decisions may include rejection, correction, or retraction of the article.
V. Complaints and Appeals
Authors have the right to appeal editorial decisions. Appeals must be submitted in writing to the Editor-in-Chief at ref@ue.poznan.pl with justification.
Complaints regarding journal policies, procedures, or content can be submitted to the Publishing House of Poznań University of Economics and Business at wydawnictwo@ue.poznan.pl. All complaints are handled promptly and transparently, in accordance with COPE guidelines.