La croissance inclusive et le développement social : Investigation empirique à l'aide des modèles ECM cas du Maroc
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2016.1.5Mots-clés :
croissance économique, pauvreté, croissance inclusive, causalité, VARRésumé
La problématique de la croissance inclusive fait revivre les débats sur les politiques économiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et de développement durable dans les pays en développement. Afi n de réduire sensiblement la pauvreté, le rythme rapide de la croissance n'est pas seulement nécessaire, il doit être durable, à long terme et à grande échelle dans tous les secteurs. La pauvreté et la croissance ont été beaucoup discutées et analysées, séparément, par les décideurs politiques dans les décennies précédentes. Quant à la stratégie de croissance inclusive, celle-ci est une intégration de ces deux courants d'analyses, qui implique des relations entre la déterminante macro et micro économique de la croissance. Cet article examine la nature de la relation entre l'environnement macroéconomique et les indicateurs de développement social, en utilisant d'abord la méthode de régression multiple et, par la suite, les modèles vectoriels autorégressifs, comme proposé par Toda Yamamoto (1995), dans le but de déterminer le sens de la causalité entre les principales variables macro-économiques, en prenant comme cas d'application le Maroc au cours de la période 1980-2011. Par ailleurs, cette étude examine de façon critique le paradigme de la croissance inclusive, en explorant les stratégies de croissance inclusive mises en place par les décideurs politiques marocains. Cet examen permettra de voir si ces stratégies sont un mythe ou une réalité, grâce à l'identifi cation et la hiérarchisation des contraintes spécifi ques au Maroc, en matière de dépenses, de santé et d'éducation ainsi que la promotion de cette croissance durable et inclusive dans l'agriculture et le développement rural.
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