Urbanisation et emission de CO2 en Afrique : quel role pour la gouvernance?
Mots-clés :
émissions CO2, gouvernance, urbanisation, modèle MMGRésumé
Cet article détermine comment la bonne gouvernance complète ou contrecarre l'urbanisation dans la lutte contre la dégradation de l'environnement notamment la réduction des émissions de CO2 pour 45 pays d'Afrique au cours de la période 2000-2014. La gouvernance est mesurée à travers les six dimensions des indicateurs de gouvernance de Kaufman. L'urbanisation est évaluée par le taux d'urbanisation se rapportant à la population en milieu urbain par rapport à la population totale. Les preuves empiriques sont basées sur la méthode des moments généralisés (MMG) en deux étapes qui élimine le biais de simultanéité et prend en compte les variations entre les pays. Les résultats montrent dans l'ensemble que la bonne gouvernance a un effet significatif sur la réduction des émissions de CO2 . Il est un moyen permettant d'atténuer l'effet potentiel de l'urbanisation sur la dégradation de l'environnement. Les résultats recommandent la prise en compte de la gouvernance dans les politiques d'urbanisation pour un environnement propre.
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