Index of the cycle of money - The case of Poland

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18559/ref.2022.1.5

Keywords:

the cycle of money, Poland, index of the cycle of money, general index of the cycle of money

Abstract

This paper assesses to well-establish the theory of the cycle of money works in a real scenario like this of the economic system of Poland. The prior works have revealed the case of Latvia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Thailand, and Ukraine according to the concept of the theory of cycle of money. The outcomes concede that Poland is over to the average global value. Then, Poland’s results confirm that it is a well-structured economy and can overpass an economic crisis. The applied methodology is in the same line with the scrutiny of the theory, mathematical, statistical, and econometrical results. The current work is significant as declares the strength of Poland’s economy to a potential crisis. The studying period is from 2012 - 2017, which the EU and general Europe counteracted an economic crisis. This is the first published work for Poland according to this theory and belongs to a project that analyzes the cycle of money of multiple countries.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

(ATO), A. T. O., Abadie, A., Ahmed, E., Braithwaite, V. A., Alabede, J. O., Zaimah Bt. Zainol Ariffin, P., … Wildani, A. R. (2012). Cheating the government. Journal of Economic Psychology, 19(1).
View in Google Scholar

Adhikari, A., Derashid, C., & Zhang, H. (2006). Public policy, political connections, and effective tax rates: Longitudinal evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 25(5). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2006.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2006.07.001
View in Google Scholar

AICPA. (2017). Guiding principles of good tax policy: A framework for evaluating tax proposals. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2017(March 2001).
View in Google Scholar

Ainsworth, R. T., & Shact, A. (2014). Transfer Pricing: Un Practical Manual China. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2375785 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2375785
View in Google Scholar

Boland, L. A. (2014). The methodology of economic model building: Methodology after Samuelson. The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology after Samuelson. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315773285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315773285
View in Google Scholar

Cai, Y. (2017). Nonlinear Analysis of Economic Growth, Public Debt and Policy Tools. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr/2017.7.1/102.1.99.108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr/2017.7.1/102.1.99.108
View in Google Scholar

Caldara, D., Iacoviello, M., Molligo, P., Prestipino, A., & Raffo, A. (2020). The economic effects of trade policy uncertainty. Journal of Monetary Economics, 109. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.11.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.11.002
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2018). Methods of Controlled Transactions and the Behavior of Companies According to the Public and Tax Policy. Economics. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2018-0003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3211232
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2019a). The arm’s length principle and the fixed length principle economic analysis. World Scientific News, 115(2019), 207–217. Retrieved 21 April 2021 from http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/WSN-115-2019-207-217.pdf
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2019b). Theoretical analysis of fuzzy logic and Q. E. method in econo­mics. IKBFU’s Vestnik, 2019(01), 59–68. Retrieved from https://doi.org/330.42
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2019c). Transfer Pricing Methods for Services and the Policy of Fixed Length Principle. Economics and Business, 33(1), 222–232. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0016
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2020a). Analysis of the Theory of Cycle of Money. Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis, 23(2), 13–29. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2478/acta-2020-0004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acta-2020-0004
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2020b). The Impact Factor of Education on the Public Sector – The Case of the U.S. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 13(1), 69–78. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.131.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.131.07
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021a). INDEX OF THE CYCLE OF MONEY - THE CASE OF BULGARIA. Economic Alternatives, 27(2). Retrieved from https://www.unwe.bg/eajournal/en DOI: https://doi.org/10.37075/EA.2021.2.04
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021b). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Greece. IJBESAR (International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research), 14(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.142.05
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021c). Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia. Economics and Culture, 17(2), 5–12. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0015
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021d). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Serbia. OPEN JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS (OJRE), 4(1). Retrieved from https://centerprode.com/ojre.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojre.0401.01001c
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021e). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Thailand. Chiang Mai University Journal of Economics, 25(2).
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021f). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Ukraine. Actual Problems of Economics, 243(9).
View in Google Scholar

Challoumis, C. (2021g). Mathematical background of the theory of cycle of money. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3902181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3902181
View in Google Scholar

Choi, J. P., Furusawa, T., & Ishikawa, J. (2020). Transfer pricing regulation and tax competition. Journal of International Economics, 127. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103367
View in Google Scholar

Feinschreiber, R. (2004). Transfer pricing Methods An Application Guide. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
View in Google Scholar

Gihman, I. I., Skorohod, A. V., Gihman, I. I., & Skorohod, A. V. (1972). The Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations. In Stochastic Differential Equations. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88264-7_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88264-7
View in Google Scholar

Goswami, M., & Purkayastha, B. S. (2020). A Fuzzy Based Approach for Empirical Analysis of Unstructured Data. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 17(9). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9080
View in Google Scholar

IMF, WB, & WTO. (2017). Making Trade an Engine of Growth for All: The Case for Trade and for Policies to Facilitate Adjustment. Making Trade an Engine of Growth for All: The Case for Trade and for Policies to Facilitate Adjustment.
View in Google Scholar

Irawan, F., Kinanti, A., & Suhendra, M. (2020). The Impact of Transfer Pricing and Earning Management on Tax Avoidance. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(3s).
View in Google Scholar

King, E. (2009). Transfer pricing and corporate taxation: Problems, practical implications and proposed solutions. Transfer Pricing and Corporate Taxation: Problems, Practical Implications and Proposed Solutions. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78183-9
View in Google Scholar

Kushner, H. (1974). Stochastic Differential Equations (I. I. Gihman and A. V. Skorohod). SIAM Review, 16(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1137/1016045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1137/1016045
View in Google Scholar

Lerner, A. P. (1936). The Symmetry between Import and Export Taxes. Economica, 3(11). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2549223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2549223
View in Google Scholar

Lindé, J., & Pescatori, A. (2019). The macroeconomic effects of trade tariffs: Revisiting the Lerner symmetry result. Journal of International Money and Finance, 95. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.01.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.01.019
View in Google Scholar

Mackean, T., Fisher, M., Friel, S., & Baum, F. (2020). A framework to assess cultural safety in Australian public policy. Health Promotion International, 35(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/HEAPRO/DAZ011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz011
View in Google Scholar

Maxwell, J. A. (2020). The Value of Qualitative Inquiry for Public Policy. Qualitative Inquiry, 26(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800419857093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800419857093
View in Google Scholar

McKay, A., Nakamura, E., & Steinsson, J. (2016). The power of forward guidance revisited. American Economic Review, 106(10). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150063
View in Google Scholar

Merle, R., Al-Gamrh, B., & Ahsan, T. (2019). Tax havens and transfer pricing intensity: Evidence from the French CAC-40 listed firms. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1647918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1647918
View in Google Scholar

Meyer, B. D., & Rosenbaum, D. T. (2000). Making Single Mothers Work: Recent Tax and Welfare Policy and its Effects. National Tax Journal, 53(4 PART 2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2000.4s1.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2000.4S1.02
View in Google Scholar

Mirman, L. J. (1971). Uncertainty and Optimal Consumption Decisions. Econometrica, 39(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/1909149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1909149
View in Google Scholar

Nations, U. (2014). United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries. United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18356/da89dfb5-en
View in Google Scholar

OECD. (2015). Gross domestic product (GDP) (indicator). OECD.
View in Google Scholar

OECD. (2017a). OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2017. OECD Publications.
View in Google Scholar

OECD. (2017b). Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2017.
View in Google Scholar

Ossa, R. (2014). Trade wars and trade talks with data? American Economic Review, 104(12). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.12.4104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.12.4104
View in Google Scholar

Prestianawati, S. A., Mulyaningsih, S., Manzilati, A., & Ashar, K. (2020). Re-thinking Tax Leakage: Is it the Impact of Public Policy Failure? Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200606.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200606.024
View in Google Scholar

Ross, T. J. (2010). Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications: Third Edition. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications: Third Edition. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119994374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119994374
View in Google Scholar

Schram, A. (2018). When evidence isn’t enough: Ideological, institutional, and interest-based constraints on achieving trade and health policy coherence. Global Social Policy, 18(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018117744153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018117744153
View in Google Scholar

United Nations. (2012). Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries (2017). עלון הנוטע, 66.
View in Google Scholar

Waworuntu, S. R., & Hadisaputra, R. (2016). Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness in Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 24(July).
View in Google Scholar

Wijnbergen, S. Van. (1987). Tariffs, Employment and the Current Account: Real Wage Resistance and the Macro-Economics of Protectionism. International Economic Review, 28(3). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/2526574 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2526574
View in Google Scholar

Wilson, J. D. (1986). A theory of interregional tax competition. Journal of Urban Economics, 19(3). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(86)90045-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(86)90045-8
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2022-06-24

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Challoumis, C. (2022). Index of the cycle of money - The case of Poland. Research Papers in Economics and Finance, 6(1), 72-86. https://doi.org/10.18559/ref.2022.1.5