Déterminants de la malnutrition des enfants au Togo : une analyse par les disparités selon le milieu de résidence
Mots-clés :
malnutrition, décomposition d’Oaxaca et de Blinder, disparité, retard de croissance, insuffisance pondéraleRésumé
L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser les principaux déterminants susceptibles d'influencer le statut nutritionnel des enfants de moins de cinq ans au Togo. La régression logistique est utilisée pour analyser l'effet des facteurs socioéconomiques sur la malnutrition et ensuite, une méthode de décomposition des facteurs (décomposition d'Oaxaca et de Blinder) a permis d'analyser les sources de l'écart de la prévalence de la malnutrition chronique dans le milieu urbain et rural du Togo. Les données utilisées proviennent de l'enquête MICS, 2017. Les enfants résidant en milieu rural et dont l'âge est compris entre 6 et 59 mois sont susceptibles de manifester le retard de croissance. La richesse des ménages et le niveau d'éducation des mères sont également liés à la malnutrition chronique. Un enfant né avec un intervalle de naissance inférieur ou égal à 2 ans a 59% de chance de manifester le retard de croissance. Les résultats de la décomposition montrent que la différence dans la prévalence du retard de croissance provient des caractéristiques spécifiques à ces milieux. L'écart expliqué dans cette décomposition est en majorité l'inégalité des revenus mesurée par l'indice de richesse.
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