Factors impacting export intensity of SMEs in India

Authors

  • Aditi Goel Shaheed Bhagat Singh Evening College, University of Delhi, India
  • Dolly Gaur Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Deemed University, India
  • Khushboo Gupta Shaheed Bhagat Singh Evening College, University of Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-8688
  • Kanishka Gupta Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Deemed University, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-7652

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.3.796

Keywords:

international exposure of management, LSDVC regression;, Exports, SMEs

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to explore the factors impacting export intensity of SMEs in India. It examines the influence of various firm level variables on export intensity. The sample considered for the study includes 50 SME firms from different industries ranging from equipment and manufacturing to textile. Data for ten years (2011-2020) has been analyzed for drawing relevant results. For regression, Least Square Dummy Variable corrected (LSDVC) estimates have been used to address the issue of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation issue present in the data. The results arrived at indicate  that the expenditure incurred on research and development, selling and distribution acts as an investment which provides returns in terms of better export performance. Also, top managers having international experience can be an important asset for a firm looking for expanding in international market. These results have substantial implications for the management of SME firms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
View in Google Scholar

Becchetti, L., & Rossi, S. P. (2000). The positive effect of industrial district on the export performance of Italian firms. Review of Industrial Organization, 16(1), 53–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007783900387
View in Google Scholar

Behmiri, N. B., Rebelo, J. F., Gouveia, S., & António, P. (2019). Firm characteristics and export performance in Portuguese wine firms. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 31(3), 419–440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-07-2018-0032
View in Google Scholar

Bernard, A., & Jensen, J. B. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: Cause, effect, or both? Journal of International Economics, 47, 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00027-0
View in Google Scholar

Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00009-8
View in Google Scholar

Bogliacino, F., Piva, M., & Vivarelli, M. (2012). R&D and employment: An application of the LSDVC estimator using European microdata. Economics Letters, 116(1), 56–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.01.010
View in Google Scholar

Brouthers, K. D., Nakos, G., & Dimitratos, P. (2015). SME entrepreneurial orientation, international performance, and the moderating role of strategic alliances. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(5), 1161–1187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12101
View in Google Scholar

Bruno, G. S. (2005). Approximating the bias of the LSDV estimator for dynamic unbalanced panel data models. Economics Letters, 87(3), 361–366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.01.005
View in Google Scholar

Bun, M. J., & Carree, M. A. (2006). Bias-corrected estimation in dynamic panel data models with heteroscedasticity. Economics Letters, 92(2), 220–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.02.008
View in Google Scholar

Calof, J. L. (1994). The relationship between firm size and export behaviour revisited. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(2), 367–387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490205
View in Google Scholar

Cancino, C. A., & Coronado, F. C. (2014). Exploring the determinants of born-global firms in Chile. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administration. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-10-2013-0154
View in Google Scholar

Castellani D., Giaretta, E., & Staglianò, R. (2022). Early-stage financing diversity and firms’ export intensity: A cross-country analysis. Finance Research Letters, 44, 102030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102030
View in Google Scholar

Charoenrat, T., & Amornkitvikai, Y. (2021). Factors affecting the export intensity of Chinese manufacturing firms. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211000207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211000207
View in Google Scholar

Chu, S., & Keh, H. T. (2006). Brand value creation: Analysis of the interbrand business week brand value rankings. Marketing Letters, 17, 323–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-9407-6
View in Google Scholar

De Clerq, D., Sapienza, H. J., Yavuz, R. I., & Zhou, L. (2012). Learning and knowledge in early internationalization research: Past accomplishments and future directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 143–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.09.003
View in Google Scholar

Erramilli, M.K. & Rao, C.P. (1993). Service firms’ international entry-mode choice: a modified transaction-cost analysis approach. Journal of Marketing, 57(7), 19-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700302
View in Google Scholar

Esaku, S. (2020). Investments, export entry and export intensity in small manufacturing firms. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47, 677–697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-020-00156-9
View in Google Scholar

Esteve-Perez, S., & Rodriguez, D. (2013). The dynamics of exports and R&D in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 41, 219–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9421-4
View in Google Scholar

Fernández-Mesa, A., & Alegre, J. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and export intensity: Examining the interplay of organisational learning and innovation. International Business Review, 24(1), 148–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.004
View in Google Scholar

Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
View in Google Scholar

Galati, A., & Crescimanno, M. (2014). The determinants affecting the internationalisation of the Italian SMEs producing sparkling wines: An empirical study on the RBV of the firms. International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 6(2), 100–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGSB.2014.066463
View in Google Scholar

Gashi, P., Hashi, I., & Pugh, G. (2014). Export behaviour of SMEs in transition countries. Small Business Economics, 42, 407–435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9487-7
View in Google Scholar

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic econometrics. McGraw Hill.
View in Google Scholar

Gulati, R. (1995). Social structure and alliance formation patterns: A longitudinal analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(4), 619–652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393756
View in Google Scholar

Ibeh, K. I. N., & Wheeler, C. N. (2005). A resource-centred interpretation of export performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(4), 539–556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-4777-4
View in Google Scholar

Kim, Y., & Mathur, I. (2008). The impact of geographic diversification on firm performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(4), 747–766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2007.09.007
View in Google Scholar

Kiviet, J. F. (1995). On bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 53–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01643-E
View in Google Scholar

Krugman, P. (1979). A model of innovation, technology transfer, and the world distribution of income. Journal of Political Economy, 87(2), 253–266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/260755
View in Google Scholar

Kumar, N., & Siddharthan, N. S. (1994). Technology, firm size and export behaviour in developing countries: The case of Indian enterprises. The Journal of Development Studies, 31(2), 289–309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389408422362
View in Google Scholar

Love, J. H., Roper, S., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Experience, age and exporting performance in UK SMEs. International Business Review, 25(4), 806–819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.10.001
View in Google Scholar

Majocchi, A., Bacchiocchi, E., & Mayrhofer, U. (2005). Firm size, business experience and export intensity in SMEs: A longitudinal approach to complex relationships. International Business Review, 14, 719–738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2005.07.004
View in Google Scholar

Masso, J., Roigas, K., & Vahter, P. (2015). Foreign market experience, learning by hiring and firm export performance. Review of World Economics, 151(4), 659–686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-015-0224-y
View in Google Scholar

McDougall, P. P., Oviatt, B. M., & Shrader, R. C. (2003). A comparison of international and domestic new ventures. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 59–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023246622972
View in Google Scholar

Ministry of MSME. (2021). Contribution of MSMEs to GDP. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1744032
View in Google Scholar

OECD. (1997). Globalisation and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Paris.
View in Google Scholar

Ossorio, M. (2018). Does R&D investment affect export intensity? The moderating effect of ownership. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 10(1), 65–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMFA.2018.10012252
View in Google Scholar

Oura, M. M., Zilber, S. N., & Lopes, E. L. (2016). Innovation capacity, international experience and export performance of SMEs in Brazil. International Business Review, 25(4), 921–932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.12.002
View in Google Scholar

Pacheco, L. (2016). Capital structure and internationalisation: The case of Portuguese industrial SMEs. Research in International Business and Finance, 38, 531–545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2016.07.014
View in Google Scholar

Pla-Barber, J., & Alegre, J. (2007). Analysing the link between export intensity, innovation and firm size in a science-based industry. International Business Review, 16(3), 275–293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.02.005
View in Google Scholar

Preece, S., Grant, M., & Baetz, M. (1998). Explaining the international diversity and global diversity of early-stage technology-based firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 259–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00105-5
View in Google Scholar

Radicic, D., & Djalilov, K. (2019). The impact of technological and non-technological innovations on export intensity in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(4), 612–638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-08-2018-0259
View in Google Scholar

Reis, J., & Forte, R. (2016). The impact of industry characteristics on firms’ export intensity. International Area Studies Review, 19(3), 266–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865916646560
View in Google Scholar

Revindo, M. D., & Gan, C. (2018). Factors affecting variation in SMEs export intensity. LPEM-FEB UI Working Paper 020.
View in Google Scholar

Rodríguez, J. L., & Orellana, B. S. (2020). Human capital and export performance in the Spanish manufacturing firms. Baltic Journal of Management, 15 (1), 99–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-04-2019-0143
View in Google Scholar

Rodríguez, J. L., & Rodríguez, R. M. G. (2005). Technology and export behaviour: A resource-based view approach. International Business Review, 14(5), 539–557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2005.07.002
View in Google Scholar

Rogers, M. (2004). Networks, firm size and innovation. Small Business Economics, 22(2), 141–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SBEJ.0000014451.99047.69
View in Google Scholar

Rondi, L., Sleuwaegen, L., & Vannoni, D. (2004). Changes in the industrial geographical diversification of leading firms in European manufacturing. In F. Dierx, F. Ilzkovitz & K Sekkat (Eds.), European integration and the functioning of product markets. Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781845423407.00010
View in Google Scholar

Singh, D. A. (2009). Export performance of emerging market firms. International Business Review, 18(4), 321–330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.03.002
View in Google Scholar

SME Chamber of India, SME sector in India, retrieved on 1st April 2022 from https://www.smechamberofindia.com/about-msme-in-india.php
View in Google Scholar

Spuldaro, J. D., Prim, A. L., Bencke F. F., & Roman, D. J. (2021). The effect of innovation on the financial performance and export intensity of firms in emerging countries. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 25(3), 304–327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2021.116382
View in Google Scholar

Suárez-Ortega, S. M., & Álamo-Vera, F. R. (2005). SMEs internationalisation: Firms and managerial factors. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 11(4), 258–279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550510603298
View in Google Scholar

Sun, S., & Anwar, S. (2015). Inter relationship among foreign presence, domestic sales and export intensity in Chinese manufacturing industries. Applied Economics, 48(26), 2443–2453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1122733
View in Google Scholar

Tajeddin, M., & Carney, M. (2019). African business groups: How does group affiliation improve export intensity? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(6), 1194–1222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718779586
View in Google Scholar

Tavassoli, S. (2017). The rule of product innovation on export behaviour of firms: Is it innovation input or innovation output that matters? European Journal of Innovation Management, 21(2), 294–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2016-0124
View in Google Scholar

The Economic Times. (n.d.). Most innovative MSMEs in India. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/top-innovative-msme/msme_companies/catego-ryid-01.cms
View in Google Scholar

Wagner, J. (1995). Exports, firm size, and firm dynamics. Small Business Economics, 7(1), 29–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01074314
View in Google Scholar

World Bank. (n.d.). Exports of goods and services (% of GDP). Retrieved August 18, 2022 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2023-08-28 — Updated on 2023-10-12

Versions

Issue

Section

Research article- regular issue

How to Cite

Goel, A., Gaur, D., Gupta, K., & Gupta, K. (2023). Factors impacting export intensity of SMEs in India . Economics and Business Review, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.3.796 (Original work published 2023)

Similar Articles

1-10 of 133

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.